Hinge and hinge system

ABSTRACT

A hinge is described that includes a first bracket adapted to be attached to a first substrate. The first bracket includes a channel defining a first central axis and defining a first lateral axis perpendicular to the first central axis. The hinge also includes a second bracket adapted to be attached to a second substrate. The second bracket defines a second central axis and a second lateral axis perpendicular to the second central axis. The first lateral axis and the second lateral axis are disposed a distance from one another. A connecting stem pivotally connects the first bracket to the second bracket. A protrusion is disposed at one end of the connecting stem. The protrusion is disposed within the channel defined by the first bracket. An adjustable connection exists between the connecting stem and the second bracket to permit adjustment of the distance between the first and second lateral axes.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This U.S. patent application is a first-filed patent application anddoes not rely on any other patent application for priority.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention described herein relates to a hinge. More specifically,the invention concerns a hinge based on a ball and socket design thatprovides flexibility in installation.

DISCUSSION OF RELATED ART

The use of hinges is widespread.

Perhaps the most common type of hinge is a pin-pivoted hinge. This hingeis commonly employed for doors. The design of the hinge includes twoplates that are pivotally mounted with respect to one another around acommon pin axis. The two plates are interleaved to take advantage of thecommon pin axis.

As should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, it is common toemploy two or three hinges on a standard door to properly support theweight of the door.

In order for the hinges to permit the door to open smoothly, the axes ofthe individual hinges must be aligned with one another. If the axes arenot aligned, the operation of the hinges will interfere with oneanother, with any number of adverse effects.

This difficulty with hinges is particularly pronounced when installingdoors or similar items that include a curved (non-linear) surface orprofile. As noted above, if the axes of the hinges are not properlyaligned, the door will not open properly (or at all, in some instances).

As also may be appreciated, boats and other watercraft present aparticular challenge to the typical carpenter installing a hinge. Whilenot limited to the marine environment, it is not uncommon on boats tohave doors that are not planar.

Non-planar doors may be used to separate passenger areas from oneanother, for example. Where curved doors are used, the challenge toalign the axes of traditional hinges is increased.

In the construction industry, it is not uncommon for door sills andframes to be exactly square each and every time that the door sill orframe is manufactured. This introduces a reliability factor intoconstruction items that minimizes the possibility of hinge axismisalignment.

As should be appreciated by carpenters, builders, etc., this is notalways the case. There are a number of instances where a particularcircumstance differs from a prior example. Traditional pin-pivotedhinges do not lend themselves well to non-traditional environments.

In the case of watercraft and boats, the issue of dimensionalinexactness does arise from time to time. While each boat will beessentially the same as a boat that precedes it in a particular modelline, the boat molding process has a tendency to introduce variationsfrom one boat deck to another. As a result, while a traditionalpin-pivoted hinge may be perfectly suitable for one boat in a productionseries, a subsequent boat may present unforeseen challenges to a doorinstaller.

As a result of at least some of these factors, a need has arisen for ahinge that is more adaptable than a standard pin-pivoted hinge.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is, therefore, an aspect of the invention to resolve one or more ofthe deficiencies noted with respect to the prior art.

For example, it is an aspect of the invention to provide a hinge thatdoes not rely on a pin-pivoted construction.

The invention also provides a hinge that may be combined with one ormore other hinges to form a hinge system.

The hinge of the invention permits smooth opening of a door or otherhinged structure even if the axes of individual hinges are not alignedwith one another.

The invention provides a hinge that may be used to mount non-linear ornon-planar substrates and surfaces. For example, the hinge of theinvention may be employed to mount a curved door.

The hinge of the invention may be employed in, for example, a boat. Inone contemplated embodiment, the hinge of the invention may be employedto mount a door separating passenger areas in a boat. Other doors, suchas cabinet doors, also may benefit from the hinge of the application.

The invention provides a hinge that reduces challenges when aligning theaxes of individual ones of the hinges, especially when two or more areemployed in concert with one another.

The hinge of the invention provides for greater flexibility ininstallation. For example, with respect to boats where variations mayoccur between individual ones of a particular model, the hinge of theinvention permits flexibility to accommodate those variations.

The hinge of the invention facilitates installation by permitting two ormore hinges to be mounted without precise axial alignment, from manydifferent axial perspectives.

While not intended to be limiting of the invention, in one embodiment,the hinge includes a first bracket adapted to be attached to a firstsubstrate. The first bracket has a channel defining a first central axisand defining a first lateral axis perpendicular to the first centralaxis. The hinge also includes a second bracket adapted to be attached toa second substrate. The second bracket defines a second central axis anda second lateral axis perpendicular to the second central axis. Thefirst lateral axis and the second lateral axis are disposed a distancefrom one another. A connecting stem pivotally connects the first bracketto the second bracket. A protrusion is disposed at one end of theconnecting stem. The protrusion is disposed within the channel definedby the first bracket. An adjustable connection exists between theconnecting stem and the second bracket. The adjustable connectionpermits adjustment of the distance between the first and the secondlateral axes.

While not intended to be limiting of the broad scope of the invention,it is contemplated that the first central axis and the second centralaxis of the hinge will be co-linear, at least in one embodiment.

Alternatively, the invention is contemplated to encompass a hinge wherethe first central axis and the second central axis are angled withrespect to one another.

With respect to the first bracket, it is contemplated that the bracketwill include two upwardly extending arms that define the channeltherebetween.

The hinge also may include an insert disposed within the channel tofacilitate movement of the protrusion within the channel.

The protrusion may be retained within an indentation formed in theinsert.

A retainer may be provided to affix the insert within the channel.

The insert may be made from polytetrafluoroethylene, among othermaterials.

In one contemplated embodiment, the protrusion may be spherical. Ofcourse, other shapes also may be employed.

With respect to embodiments of the invention, the second bracket mayinclude a threaded portion and the adjustable connection may include athreaded end on the connecting stem that engages the threaded portion ofthe second bracket.

A locking member may be provided that retains the connecting stem tomaintain the distance between the first and the second lateral axes.

It is also contemplated that the hinge of the invention will be used ina hinge system.

One contemplated embodiment of a hinge system includes a first and asecond hinge, although several hinges may be employed together.

Where at least first and second hinges are employed in a system, it iscontemplated that the first hinge will include a first bracket adaptedto be attached to a first substrate. The first bracket may have a firstchannel defining a first central axis and defining a first lateral axisperpendicular to the first central axis. The first hinge also mayinclude a second bracket adapted to be attached to a second substrate,the second bracket defining a second central axis and a second lateralaxis perpendicular to the second central axis, wherein the first lateralaxis and the second lateral axis are disposed a first distance from oneanother. A first connecting stem may pivotally connect the first bracketto the second bracket. A first protrusion may be disposed at one end ofthe first connecting stem, the first protrusion being disposed withinthe first channel defined by the first bracket. A first adjustableconnection may be established between the first connecting stem and thesecond bracket. In such a case, the first adjustable connection maypermit adjustment of the first distance between the first and the secondlateral axes. In this system, the second hinge may include a thirdbracket adapted to be attached to the first substrate. The third bracketmay have a second channel defining a third central axis and defining athird lateral axis perpendicular to the third central axis. The secondhinge also may include a fourth bracket adapted to be attached to asecond substrate. The fourth bracket may define a fourth central axisand a fourth lateral axis perpendicular to the fourth central axis. Thethird lateral axis and the fourth lateral axis may be disposed a seconddistance from one another. The second hinge also may include a secondconnecting stem pivotally connecting the third bracket to the fourthbracket and a second protrusion disposed at one end of the secondconnecting stem. If so, the second protrusion may be disposed within thesecond channel defined by the third bracket. A second adjustableconnection may be established between the second connecting stem and thefourth bracket. The second adjustable connection may permit adjustmentof the second distance between the third and the fourth axes. The firsthinge and the second hinge may be disposed a third distance from oneanother.

In a hinge system, at least one of the first central axis may be angledwith respect to the second central or the third central axis may beangled with respect to the fourth central axis.

It is contemplated that the hinge system may include a constructionwhere the first distance does not equal the second distance.

It is also contemplated that the hinge system may accommodatecircumstances where at least one of the first and second substratesdefines a non-linear surface.

Alternatively, the hinge system may accommodate, among otherarrangements, circumstances where at least one of the first and secondsubstrates defines a curved surface.

It is also contemplated that one or more embodiments of the inventionwill encompass a hinge that has a first bracket adapted to be attachedto a first substrate. The first bracket may have a first channeldefining a first central axis and defining a first lateral axisperpendicular to the first central axis. The hinge also may include asecond bracket adapted to be attached to a second substrate. The secondbracket may have a second channel defining a second central axis anddefining a second lateral axis perpendicular to the second central axis.A connecting stem may pivotally connect the first bracket to the secondbracket. A first protrusion may be adjustably disposed on a first end ofthe connecting stem, the first protrusion being retained within thefirst channel. A second protrusion may be adjustably disposed on asecond end of the connecting stem, the second protrusion being retainedwithin the second channel. It is contemplated that adjustment of one orboth of the first and second protrusions on the connecting stem adjustsa distance between the first lateral axis and the second lateral axis.

It is also contemplated, with respect to this embodiment, that theinvention provides a hinge where the first lateral axis and the secondlateral axis are angled with respect to one another when the hinge isinstalled for operation.

The invention also encompasses, among other things, a hinge system withat least first and second hinges. In this system, the first hinge mayinclude a first bracket adapted to be attached to a first substrate, thefirst bracket having a first channel defining a first central axis anddefining a first lateral axis perpendicular to the first central axis.The first hinge also may include a second bracket adapted to be attachedto a second substrate, the second bracket having a second channeldefining a second central axis and defining a second lateral axisperpendicular to the second central axis. A first connecting stem maypivotally connect the first bracket to the second bracket. A firstprotrusion may be adjustably disposed on a first end of the firstconnecting stem, the first protrusion being retained within the firstchannel. A second protrusion may be adjustably disposed on a second endof the first connecting stem, the second protrusion being retainedwithin the second channel. Similarly, the second hinge may include athird bracket adapted to be attached to the first substrate. The thirdbracket may have a third channel defining a third central axis anddefining a third lateral axis perpendicular to the third central axis.The second hinge also may include a fourth bracket adapted to beattached to the second substrate. The fourth bracket may have a fourthchannel defining a fourth central axis and defining a fourth lateralaxis perpendicular to the fourth central axis. The second hinge may havea second connecting stem pivotally connecting the third bracket to thefourth bracket. A third protrusion may be adjustably disposed on a firstend of the second connecting stem, the third protrusion being retainedwithin the third channel. A fourth protrusion may be adjustably disposedon a second end of the second connecting stem, the fourth protrusionbeing retained within the fourth channel. Adjustment of one or both ofthe first and second protrusions on the first connecting stem may beused to adjust a first distance between the first lateral axis and thesecond lateral axis. Adjustment of one or both of the third and fourthprotrusions on the second connecting stem may adjust a second distancebetween the third lateral axis and the fourth lateral axis.

In this contemplated hinge system, at least one of the first and secondsubstrates may define a non-linear surface. Although not limiting of theinvention, at least one of the first and second substrates defines acurved surface.

In this hinge system, it is contemplated that the first and secondconnecting stems may be oriented other than parallel to one another.

Other aspects of the invention will be made apparent from the discussionthat follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be described in connection with several figuresof drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is perspective, top view of a hinge according to the invention,shown from a front side of the hinge;

FIG. 2 is a perspective, top view of the hinge illustrated in FIG. 1,shown from a rear side of the hinge;

FIG. 3 is an elevational side view of the hinge shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an elevational front view of the hinge depicted in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the hinge shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is an elevational rear view of the hinge illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a perspective, exploded view of the hinge depicted in FIG. 1,showing the various elements and features contributing to the invention;

FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the hinge shown in FIG. 1, illustrating thehinge when configured for a wide distance between the first and secondbrackets;

FIG. 9 is a side elevational view of the hinge shown in FIG. 8,illustrating the hinge when configured for a wide distance between thefirst and second brackets;

FIG. 10 is a top plan view of the hinge shown in FIG. 1, illustratingthe hinge when configured for a medium distance between the first andsecond brackets;

FIG. 11 is a side elevational view of the hinge shown in FIG. 10,illustrating the hinge when configured for a medium distance between thefirst and second brackets;

FIG. 12 is a top plan view of the hinge shown in FIG. 1, illustratingthe hinge when configured for a narrow distance between the first andsecond brackets;

FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of the hinge shown in FIG. 12,illustrating the hinge when configured for a narrow distance between thefirst and second brackets;

FIG. 14 is a side elevational view of the hinge illustrated in FIG. 1,showing a full rotation of the hinge;

FIG. 15 is a perspective illustration of the hinge depicted in FIG. 1,shown in a first position before rotation of the hinge;

FIG. 16 is a perspective illustration of the hinge illustrated in FIG.1, shown in a second position, which is about one half of the rotationof the hinge;

FIG. 17 is a perspective illustration of the hinge illustrated in FIG.1, shown in a third position, which is the full rotation of the hinge;

FIG. 18 is a top plan view of three of the hinges shown in FIG. 1,aligned along a common axis with respect to the ball joint, butunequally distributed with respect to the second brackets of each;

FIG. 19 illustrates a pair of the hinges according to the invention,shown in one possible orientation;

FIG. 20 is a top plan view of two of the hinges according to theinvention, shown in an orientation where the pivoted structure is notplanar;

FIG. 21 is an elevational view of the hinges illustrated in FIG. 20,shown after the pivoted structure has been rotated through 90°;

FIG. 22 is a top plan view of the hinges illustrated in FIG. 21, shownafter the pivoted structure has been rotated through 180°;

FIG. 23 is a perspective illustration of two hinges employed toestablish a pivot for the pivoted structure; and

FIG. 24 illustrates a second embodiment of a hinge according to theinvention, in this case where the hinge includes two sphericalprotrusions.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S) OF THE INVENTION

While the invention is described in connection with several embodiments,as enumerated below and as illustrated herein, the invention is notintended to be limited solely to the embodiments provided. To thecontrary, the embodiments emphasized are intended merely to beillustrative of selected examples that fall within the broad scope ofthe subject matter of the invention.

FIGS. 1-6 provide several views of a hinge 10 that is the subject of theinvention. The hinge 10 includes a first bracket 12 and a second bracket14. The first and second brackets 12, 14 are disposed a distance fromone another. As will be discussed in greater detail below with respectto FIGS. 14 and 15, the first and second brackets 12, 14 move withrespect to one another to enable a pivoted, hinged operation.

As illustrated, for this contemplated configuration, the first andsecond brackets 12, 14 are essentially oval-shaped. It is noted that theoval shapes are considered to represent one possible configuration forthe first and second brackets 12, 14. As should be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art, the first and second brackets 12, 14 may take anysuitable shape without departing from the scope of the invention.

As also illustrated in FIG. 1, the hinge 10 includes a connecting stem16 that extends between the first and second brackets 12, 14.

In the illustrated embodiments, the first and second brackets 12, 14 arecontemplated to be constructed from a suitable metal or metal alloy.Stainless steel and aluminum are considered to be materials from whichthe first and second brackets 12, 14 may be constructed. These materialsare considered for use with the invention because of their aestheticappearance, their strength, and their resistance to corrosion,especially in a marine environment, which is one possible environmentwhere the hinge 10 of the invention may be employed.

As should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, however, the firstand second brackets 12, 14 may be constructed from any alternativematerial. It is contemplated, for example, that the first and secondbrackets 12, 14 may be constructed from a plastic, a composite material,or an alloy, among other possibilities too numerous to list here.

Since corrosion resistance is one consideration for the bracket 10 in amarine environment, it is contemplated that the brackets 12, 14 may beconstructed from a material that is resistant to corrosion.Alternatively, the material may be coated or treated to increaseresistance to environmental degradation.

It is also contemplated that the first and second brackets 12, 14 may beexposed for extended periods of time to sunlight. As a result, it iscontemplated that the first and second brackets 12, 14 may be made froma material (or coated with a material) that resists degradation andfading when exposed to sunlight, including ultraviolet light.

As should be immediately apparent, the precise selection of materialsfor the first and second brackets 12, 14 is not critical to theinvention.

As illustrated throughout the figures, the connecting stem 16 includes aprotrusion 18 at one end. In the illustrated embodiment, the protrusion18 is spherical and, therefore, will be referred to herein as aspherical protrusion 18. As should be appreciated by those skilled inthe art, however, the protrusion 18 need not be spherical to practicethe invention. It is contemplated, for example, that ellipsoid, oval, orcylindrical protrusions may be employed, among other shapes.

In the assembled condition illustrated in FIGS. 1-6, the sphericalprotrusion 18 is disposed within an insert 22 that is positioned withina channel 24 in the first bracket 12. A stem adjustment element 20 alsois illustrated. The stem adjustment element 20 is a hexagonalindentation in the end of the spherical protrusion 18.

In the illustrated embodiment, the spherical protrusion 18 is integrallyformed with the connecting stem 16. The term “integral” is intended toencompass at least two alternatives, among others. In the firstinstance, “integral” is intended to encompass the formation of theconnecting stem 16 and the spherical protrusion 18 as a unitarystructure. In the second instance, the term “integral” refers to theseparate manufacture and subsequent connection of the connecting stem 16and the spherical protrusion 18. In this contemplated embodiment, thespherical protrusion 18 may be welded to the connecting stem, forexample. Other attachment schemes also are contemplated to fall withinthe scope of the invention, as should be appreciated by those skilled inthe art.

For purposes of simplifying a discussion of the hinge 10, it is notedthat the combination of the connecting stem 16 and the sphericalprotrusion 18 may be referred to collectively as the connecting stem 16depending upon the particular context.

It is contemplated that the connecting stem 16 and spherical protrusion18 are manufactured from the same material (or materials) as the firstand second brackets 12, 14. It is also contemplated that the samematerial may be used to construct the connecting stem 16 and the firstand second brackets 12, 14, at least for appearance (i.e., aesthetic)purposes.

Alternatively, the various elements that comprise the hinge 10 may bemade from different materials, as necessary or as desired. For example,the spherical protrusion 18 may be made from polytetrafluoroethylene tofacilitate rotation of the first and second brackets 12, 14 with respectto one another around the spherical protrusion 18.

The stem adjustment element 20 is illustrated as a hexagonal indentationin the end of the spherical protrusion 18. Specifically, rotation of theconnecting stem 16 via the stem adjustment mechanism 20 alters theextent to which the connecting stem 16 protrudes from the second bracket14. Rotation of the connecting stem 16 is made possible by the stemadjustment element 20, as should be apparent to those skilled in theart.

In the illustrated embodiment, the stem adjustment element 20 isintended to receive a suitable wrench, such as an Allen Wrench or itsequivalent. As should be immediately apparent, other adjustment elementsmay be employed. For example, the spherical protrusion 18 may bemanufactured to receive a Phillips head or regular screw driver. It isalso contemplated that the adjustment element may protrude from the endof the protrusion 18 without departing from the scope of the invention.

The insert 22, which is detailed in FIG. 7, is positioned within achannel 24 in the first bracket 12. The insert 22 is contemplated to bemade from a material such as plastic, polytetrafluoroethylene,oil-impregnated metal, or a suitable substitute. The insert 22 isprovided between the spherical protrusion 18 and the channel 24 in thefirst bracket 12 to facilitate rotation of the first bracket 12 withrespect to the second bracket 14. The insert 22 is intended to permit asmooth, pivotal connection between the spherical protrusion 18 and thechannel 24. The insert 22 is expected to reduce or eliminate theoccurrence of binding and/or squeaking which may otherwise occur.

FIGS. 3, 4, and 6, which are side elevational views of the hinge 10,illustrate protrusions 26 that extend from lower surfaces 28 of thefirst and second brackets 12, 14. The protrusions 26 extend into firstand second substrates 30, 32 on which the first and second brackets 12,14, respectively, are mounted, when installed. The protrusions 26 areinserted into complimentary first and second recesses 34, 36 in thefirst and second substrates 30, 32. First and second fasteners 38, 40are inserted through the first and second substrates 30, 32 and engagethe protrusions 26. The first and second fasteners 38, 40 affix thefirst and second substrates 30, 32 to the first and second brackets 12,14.

In the illustrated embodiments, the first and second fasteners 38, 40are screws. As should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, otherfasteners may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.

The protrusions 26 are contemplated to be integrally formed with thefirst and second brackets 12, 14. As such, the protrusions 26 arecontemplated to be made from the same material (or materials) as thefirst and second brackets 12, 14.

In an alternate design, it is contemplated that the bracket 12, 14 maynot include any protrusions 26 at all. As such, the protrusions 26 arenot required to practice the invention.

The substrates 30, 32 may be any suitable materials that would beexpected for a typical cabinet or door, for example. In the illustratedembodiments, the substrates 30, 32 are both glass and are intended tosecure a glass door to a glass structure, such as a portion of awindshield. However, the first and second substrates 30, 32 may be madefrom any other material such as wood, fiberglass, composite materials,or metal, for example. Moreover, the first and second substrates 30, 32need not be the same material to practice the invention.

In the illustrated example, since the first and second substrates 30, 32are glass, the hinge 10 is provided with first and second liners 42, 44that are positioned between the first and second brackets 12, 14 and thefirst and second substrates 30, 32. In addition, first and secondwashers 46, 48 are positioned between the first and second substrates30, 32 and the first and second fasteners 38, 40. The liners 42, 44 andthe washers 46, 48 are provided to reduce the potential for cracking ofthe substrates 30, 32.

The liners 42, 44 and washers 46, 48 are contemplated to be made from asuitable plastic, silicone, or rubber material, among others. Inparticular, the liners 42, 44 and the washers 46, 48 are contemplated tobe made from a compressible material that provides at least a modestcushion between the brackets 12, 14 and the fasteners 38, 40. This isexpected to reduce the potential for cracking, especially when one orboth of the substrates 30, 32 are made of glass (or other fragilematerial).

It is contemplated that the hinge 10 may be installed without the liners42, 44 or the washers 46, 48 without departing from the scope of theinvention.

The hinge 10 will now be described with reference to the explodedperspective view in FIG. 7. Various elements that make up the hinge 10are shown in a positional relationship with respect to one another.

As noted above the first bracket 12 is positioned atop the first liner42 on the first substrate 30. The first bracket 12 is affixed to thefirst substrate 30 via one or more first fasteners 38. As illustrated inFIG. 4, two fasteners 38 are used. Of course, as should be appreciatedby those skilled in the art, a larger number or a fewer number of thefirst fasteners 38 may be used without departing from the scope of theinvention.

The first bracket 12 includes two upwardly sweeping arms 50 that definethe channel 24 therebetween. The arms 50 extend upwardly from a base 52.In the illustrated embodiments, the arms 50 are curved structures. Asshould be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the arms 50 need notbe curved to practice the invention.

The insert 22 slides into the channel 24 defined in the first bracket12. The insert 22 has a generally C-shaped cross-section with a narrowfirst end 54 and a wider second end 56. The spherical protrusion 18 isinserted into the wider second end 56 and is prevented from passing allof the way through the channel by the narrower first end 54. Inaddition, the protrusion 18 is prevented from sliding all of the waythrough the channel 24 by a lip 58 formed on the first bracket 12.

A retainer 60, such as a screw, affixes the liner 22 to the firstbracket 12. The retainer (or fastener) 60 also may act as a stop toprevent the spherical projection 18 from sliding out of the liner 22 andthe channel 24 after the first bracket 12 is installed on the firstsubstrate 30.

However, it is contemplated that the retainer 60 will not act as a stop.Instead, it is contemplated that the insert 22 will be constructed froma flexible or semi-flexible material that includes a sphericalindentation 61. During assembly, it is contemplated that the insert 22will be pressed into engagement with the spherical protrusion 18 untilthe spherical protrusion seats within the spherical indentation 61. Oncethe insert 22 is affixed into the channel 24 via the retainer 60, thearms 50 provide a rigid surface to prevent the insert 22 from expandingand, therefore, releasing the spherical protrusion 18 from theindentation 61. As a result, once the insert 22 is secured within thechannel 24, the spherical protrusion 18 is securely fastened within thechannel 24.

As should be apparent to those skilled in the art, the insert 22, oncesecured in the channel 24, acts as a bearing for the sphericalprotrusion 18. The insert 22 may be manufactured from any number ofmaterials including, but not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene, oilimpregnated metal, bronze, or any suitable alternative.

It is also contemplated that the insert 22 may be omitted altogether. Insuch an embodiment, the spherical protrusion 18 may be made from one ormore materials including, but not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene,oil impregnated metal, bronze, or any suitable alternative. In thisembodiment, it is contemplated that the retainer 60 may assist toprevent the spherical protrusion 18 from being withdrawn from thechannel 24. Other retainers also may be used without departing from thescope of the invention.

The second bracket 14 includes a threaded portion 62 that is connectedintegrally to a base 64. A first end 66 of the threaded portion 62receives a threaded end 68 of the connecting stem 16. A locking member70 is inserted into a second end 72 of the threaded portion 62. In theillustrated embodiments, the locking member 70 is a screw that abuts thethreaded end 68 of the connecting stem 16 to maintain the connectingstem 16 in a fixed position within the second bracket 14.

To adjust the position of the locking member 70 within the threadedportion, the locking member 70 is provided with a locking memberadjustment element 74. The locking member adjustment element 74 is ahexagonal indentation adapted to receive a wrench, such as an Allenwrench. As with the stem adjustment element 20, the locking memberadjustment element 74 may take alternative forms without departing fromthe scope of the invention.

In one contemplated alternative, it is contemplated that the secondbracket might include a threaded pin that extends from the threadedportion 62. In such an embodiment, the connecting stem 16 may be atapped cylinder that engages the threaded portion extending from thethreaded portion 62 of the second bracket 14.

In still another contemplated embodiment, the locking screw 70 may beomitted. Instead, the threaded portion 62 may be provided with aplurality of holes into which a pin may be inserted. The pin would thenact as a stop to prevent movement of connecting stem 16.

With respect to adjustment of the first bracket 12 with respect to thesecond bracket 14, it is also contemplated that the insert 22 may beadjusted with respect to its position within the channel 24. Theretainer 60 may be used in this contemplated embodiment to adjust theposition of the insert 22.

FIGS. 8-13 provide top plan and right side views of the hinge 10 of theinvention. These views illustrate the hinge 10 in a transparent formatso that the juxtapositions of the elements with respect to one anothermay be more readily appreciated. In addition, FIGS. 8-13 illustratethree different positions for the connecting stem 16. In FIGS. 8-9, theconnecting stem 16 has been extended so that the hinge presents a widestance. In FIGS. 10-11, the connecting stem 16 has been adjusted topresent a moderate stance. In FIGS. 12-13, the connecting stem 16 hasbeen adjusted so that the hinge 10 presents a narrow stance between thefirst and second brackets 12, 14.

FIGS. 8-13 illustrate how the connecting stem 16 may be adjusted toprovide a significant degree of flexibility when the hinge 10 isinstalled in a particular environment.

It is noted that the common or central axis for the hinge 10 is labeled76 in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, the central axis of the first bracket 12coincides with the central axis of the second bracket 14. In otherwords, the axes are co-linear and are designated with reference numeral76. As should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the axes neednot be co-linear to practice the invention.

FIG. 14 provides a side view illustration of the hinge 10 of theinvention, showing the second bracket 14 rotating through a fullrotation with respect to the first bracket 12. The rotation of thesecond bracket 14 is indicated by the arrow 78. As should be apparent,the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the central axis 76. Moreover,the pivot axis passes through the protrusion 18. As should be apparentto those skilled in the art, the axis of rotation need not beperpendicular to the central axis 76.

FIGS. 15-17 are provided for clarification. These three figures provideperspective illustrations of the rotation of the second bracket 14around the spherical protrusion 18, as illustrated in FIG. 14. In FIG.15, the first and second brackets 12, 14 are in an initial state, whichwould occur when a door is closed, for example. FIG. 16 illustrates theposition of the second bracket 14 after the second bracket has traveledthrough approximately one half of its travel distance. This isequivalent to about 90° of rotation. FIG. 17 shows the second bracket 14in a position after it has traveled through its full rotation around theprotrusion 18. This is equivalent to about 180° of rotation. This stateexists when a door is fully opened, for example.

FIG. 18 is an illustration of three hinges 10 shown in one possiblearrangement for a door on a boat, for example.

In FIG. 18, the three hinges 10 are shown with the respective connectingstems 16 in various positions. The hinge 10 on the left of theillustration shows the hinge 10 with a wide stance between the first andsecond brackets. The center hinge 10 illustrates a moderate stance. Theright-hand hinge 10 illustrates a narrow stance.

With respect to the three hinges 10, the stances are identified withrespect to the distances between the first and second brackets 12, 14.

To facilitate a discussion of further aspects of the hinge of theinvention 10, several axes of the hinge 10 are now identified.Specifically, the first bracket 12 defines a first central axis 80 thatis parallel to the axis of the channel 24 defined thereby. The firstbracket 12 also defines a first lateral axis 82 that is perpendicular tothe first central axis 80. Similarly, the second bracket 14 defines asecond central axis 84 that runs parallel to the threaded bore in thethreaded end 68. The second bracket 14 also defines a second lateralaxis 86 that is perpendicular to the second central axis 84. Forsimplicity, the first lateral axis 82 and the second lateral axis 86 aredefined by the widest portions of the bases 52, 64. Of course, this isnot required to practice the invention.

In FIG. 18, the distance between the first lateral axis 82 and thesecond lateral axis 86 defines the wide, moderate, or narrow stances ofthe hinges 10. For the wide stance, the distance is indicated by thereference numeral 88. For the moderate stance, the distance isdesignated 90. For the narrow stance, the distance is labeled 92.

As is apparent in this illustration, the three spherical protrusions arealigned along a common rotational axis, which coincides with the firstlateral axes 82 of each of the hinges 10. The lateral axes 86 of thesecond brackets, however, are not aligned. Despite this misalignment ofthe axes 82 and 86, the three hinges 10 will cooperate to permit theattached door to open. As noted, this is one of the features presentedby the hinge 10 of the invention.

It is noted that the hinges 10 also may be installed such that they arenot angularly aligned with one another, at least within a certain rangeof freedom. This arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 19. Since thespherical protrusions 18 provide the pivot point for the first andsecond brackets 12, 14 to rotate with respect to one another, the axesof the connecting stems 16 for the individual hinges 10 need not beprecisely parallel with one another in order for the hinges to cooperatewith one another. This aspect of the hinges 10 permits the hinges 10 tobe connected to non-linear substrates 30, 32 while continuing to providea hinged connection. In addition, this aspect of the hinges 10 permitsthe substrates 30, 32 to be disposed adjacent to one another withoutbeing precisely aligned with respect to one another.

FIG. 19 illustrates two hinges 10 that are disposed on first and secondsubstrates 30, 32. The connecting stem 16 and the second bracket 14 ofthe right-hand hinge 10 is displaced from the orientation of the lefthand hinge 10 such that the first central axis 80 and the second centralaxis 84 are disposed at an angle 94 from one another. As should beapparent the angle 94 is not expected to have any impact on theoperation of the hinge 10. In less frequent example, it is expected thatthe angle 94 may be 90° or more. However, in a more common example, itis expected that the angle 94 may be less than about 45°. In analternative embodiment, the angle 94 may be less than about 25°. Instill another contemplated embodiment, the angle 94 may be less thanabout 15°. Other variations are also contemplated to fall within thescope of the invention.

FIGS. 20-22 are provided, among other reasons, to illustrate how thehinge 10 of the invention may be employed when connected to a substrate96, such as a door. The substrate 96 may be a non-linear (or non-planar)surface including a curved portion (or portions), as indicated by theconnector portion 98 in dotted lines. The curved surface of theconnector portion 98 may take any suitable shape and is shown in dottedline format to indicate this potential.

FIG. 20 is an end view illustration, showing two hinges 10 connected tothe substrate 96. As may be appreciated, in this view, only the firstbrackets 12 for each hinge 10 are visible since the second brackets 14are obscured from view by the first brackets 12. The dotted centerlinein this illustration is the pivot axis 100 common to the two hinges 10.The pivot axis 100 is the axis around which the hinges 10 and thesubstrate 96 rotate. As should be apparent, the second brackets 14 areexpected to be secured to an immovable surface.

FIG. 21 is a plan view of the same hinges 10 illustrated in FIG. 20. Inthis view, the immovable surface 102, to which the second brackets 14are secured, is illustrated. Here, the hinges 10 have been rotated by90° from the orientation illustrated in FIG. 20. It is noted that theterms immovable surface 102 and substrate 96 are intended merely asreferences. As should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, theimmovable surface 102 is not intended to refer to a fixed surface only.To the contrary, the positions of the first and second brackets 12, 14may be reversed. In other words the first brackets 12 may be affixed tothe immovable surface 102 while the second brackets 14 are affixed tothe substrate 96.

FIG. 22 is an end view of the hinges 10 shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. Inthis view, the hinges 10 have been rotated 180° from their originalorientations shown in FIG. 20.

FIG. 23 illustrates another configuration of two hinges 10. Here, thehinges 10 oppose one another along a pivot axis. In the configurationshown, the first brackets 12 of the hinges 10 are affixed to immovablesurfaces 104, 106. The second brackets 14 are affixed to a substrate 108that moves with respect to the immovable substrates 102, 104.

As should be apparent to those skilled in the art, this orientation isnot the only one possible for the hinges. For example, it iscontemplated that the first brackets 12 may be affixed to the substrate108 and the second brackets may be affixed to the immovable surfaces102, 104. Alternatively still, the hinges 10 may be aligned such thatthe first bracket 12 from one of the hinges 10 is affixed to thesubstrate 108 while the second bracket 14 of the other of the hinges 10is attached to the substrate 108. Still other variations are possible.

FIG. 24 illustrates a second embodiment of a hinge 110. In thisembodiment, the hinge 110 includes a first bracket 112 and a secondbracket 114. The first and second brackets 112, 114 in this embodimentare the same as the first brackets 12 in the first embodimentillustrated in FIGS. 1-23.

The first and second brackets 112, 114 are connected to one another viaa connecting stem 116. In this embodiment, the connecting stem 116includes spherical protrusions 118, 120 at either end. The connectingstem also includes first and second threaded portions 122, 124 ontowhich the spherical protrusions 118, 120 are disposed. The threadedportions 122, 124 permit adjustment of the locations of the sphericalprotrusions 118, 120 thereon, thereby permitting adjustment of thedistance between the first and second brackets 112, 114.

In operation, as should be apparent to those skilled in the art, thehinges 110 are double-jointed, meaning that they pivot about two pivotaxes, a first pivot axis 126 and a second pivot axis 128. This affordsthe hinges 110 with a greater flexibility in operation. Specifically, byemploying a double-jointed approach, a door may be opened up to 360°from its initial orientation. In other words, the first pivot axis 126permits up to 180° of initial rotation. The second pivot axis 128permits up to a second 180° of rotation. Combined, the two pivot axes126, 128 permits up to 360° of rotation.

It is noted that the first brackets 112 are mounted on an immovablesurface 130. The second brackets 114 are mounted on a movable substrate132.

As in the hinge 10 of the prior embodiment, the spherical protrusions118, 120 are intended to be secured in the first and second brackets112, 114 via first and second inserts 134, 136, respectively. Theinserts 134, 136 are intended to be constructed and to function in thesame fashion as the insert 22.

It is noted that this second embodiment of the hinge 110 may be used inmuch the same manner as the hinge 10 in the prior embodiments.

The longitudinal axes 138, 140 of the hinges 110 may be positioned sothat they intersect one another.

Alternatively, the hinges 110 may be positioned so that the axes 138,140 are parallel. One problem that may be introduced with a parallelarrangement is that the substrate 132 will tend to droop with respect tothe immovable surface 130.

However, it is understood that the substrate 132 will be held inposition, without a droop, if the axes 138, 140 intersect one another.The intersection of the axes 138, 140 creates a geometrical arrangementthat resists droop.

As should be immediately apparent, a gap between the immovable surface130 and the substrate 132 may be adjusted by adjusting the positions ofthe protrusions 118, 120 on the connecting stems 116. In addition, it iscontemplated that one or both of the brackets 112, 114 may be shiftedlaterally with respect to one another to adjust the gap between thesubstrate 132 and the immovable surface 130. In this adjustment scheme,the axes 138, 140 are intentionally skewed with respect to one anotherto achieve the appropriate gap between the immovable surface 130 and thesubstrate 132.

While not illustrated, it is also contemplated that one or all of thebrackets 12, 14, 112, 114 may be modified to act as a latch in additionto acting as a bracket 12, 14, 112, 114. In this embodiment, it iscontemplated that that the bracket 12, 14, 112, 114 may act first as ahinge to permit a door to be opened. Then, if desired, the user may beable to release the door from the bracket 12, 14, 112, 114, as needed.In this contemplated embodiment, the arms 50 may be arranged to acceptthe spherical protrusion 18 from a top end rather than axially in thechannel 24.

Other variations of the latch embodiment also are contemplated. Forexample, if four latch-type hinges were employed to secure a panel to afixed structure (immovable surface), the four latch-type hinges couldpermit the panel to be opened as a door along multiple axes.Alternatively, the four latch-type hinges would permit the panel to beremoved altogether.

In addition to the embodiments discussed above, it is also contemplatedthat the brackets 12, 14, 112, 114 may be used as fixed panel mounts.The adjustability of the brackets 12, 14, 112, 114 would permit forcompensate for misalignment of the panels.

As noted above, the embodiments described above are intended to beillustrative of the breadth of the scope of this invention. As should beappreciated by those skilled in the art, there are numerous variationsand equivalents to the embodiments described and illustrated herein.Those variations and equivalents are intended to fall within the scopeof this invention.

1. A hinge, comprising: a first bracket adapted to be attached to afirst substrate, the first bracket having a channel defining a firstcentral axis and defining a first lateral axis perpendicular to thefirst central axis; a second bracket adapted to be attached to a secondsubstrate, the second bracket defining a second central axis and asecond lateral axis perpendicular to the second central axis, whereinthe first lateral axis and the second lateral axis are disposed adistance from one another; a connecting stem pivotally connecting thefirst bracket to the second bracket; a protrusion disposed at one end ofthe connecting stem, the protrusion being disposed within the channeldefined by the first bracket; and an adjustable connection between theconnecting stem and the second bracket, wherein the adjustableconnection permits adjustment of the distance between the first and thesecond lateral axes.
 2. The hinge of claim 1, wherein the first centralaxis and the second central axis are co-linear.
 3. The hinge of claim 1,wherein the first central axis and the second central axis are angledwith respect to one another.
 4. The hinge of claim 1, wherein the firstbracket includes two upwardly extending arms that define the channeltherebetween.
 5. The hinge of claim 1, further comprising: an insertdisposed within the channel to facilitate movement of the protrusionwithin the channel.
 6. The hinge of claim 5, wherein the protrusion isretained within an indentation formed in the insert.
 7. The hinge ofclaim 6, further comprising: a retainer to affix the insert within thechannel.
 8. The hinge of claim 1, wherein the insert comprisespolytetrafluoroethylene.
 9. The hinge of claim 1, wherein protrusion isspherical.
 10. The hinge of claim 1, wherein the second bracketcomprises a threaded portion and the adjustable connection comprises athreaded end on the connecting stem that engages the threaded portion ofthe second bracket.
 11. The hinge of claim 10, further comprising alocking member that retains the connecting stem to maintain the distancebetween the first and the second lateral axes.
 12. A hinge system,comprising: a first hinge comprising a first bracket adapted to beattached to a first substrate, the first bracket having a first channeldefining a first central axis and defining a first lateral axisperpendicular to the first central axis, a second bracket adapted to beattached to a second substrate, the second bracket defining a secondcentral axis and a second lateral axis perpendicular to the secondcentral axis, wherein the first lateral axis and the second lateral axisare disposed a first distance from one another, a first connecting stempivotally connecting the first bracket to the second bracket, a firstprotrusion disposed at one end of the first connecting stem, the firstprotrusion being disposed within the first channel defined by the firstbracket, and a first adjustable connection between the first connectingstem and the second bracket, wherein the first adjustable connectionpermits adjustment of the first distance between the first and thesecond lateral axes; and a second hinge comprising a third bracketadapted to be attached to the first substrate, the third bracket havinga second channel defining a third central axis and defining a thirdlateral axis perpendicular to the third central axis, a fourth bracketadapted to be attached to the second substrate, the fourth bracketdefining a fourth central axis and a fourth lateral axis perpendicularto the fourth central axis, wherein the third lateral axis and thefourth lateral axis are disposed a second distance from one another, asecond connecting stem pivotally connecting the third bracket to thefourth bracket, a second protrusion disposed at one end of the secondconnecting stem, the second protrusion being disposed within the secondchannel defined by the third bracket, and a second adjustable connectionbetween the second connecting stem and the fourth bracket, wherein thesecond adjustable connection permits adjustment of the second distancebetween the third and the fourth axes; wherein the first hinge and thesecond hinge are disposed a third distance from one another.
 13. Thehinge system of claim 12, wherein at least one of the first central axisis angled with respect to the second central or the third central axisis angled with respect to the fourth central axis.
 14. The hinge systemof claim 12, wherein the first distance does not equal the seconddistance.
 15. The hinge system of claim 12, wherein at least one of thefirst and second substrates defines a non-linear surface.
 16. The hingesystem of claim 12, wherein at least one of the first and secondsubstrates defines a curved surface.
 17. A hinge, comprising: a firstbracket adapted to be attached to a first substrate, the first brackethaving a first channel defining a first central axis and defining afirst lateral axis perpendicular to the first central axis; a secondbracket adapted to be attached to a second substrate, the second brackethaving a second channel defining a second central axis and defining asecond lateral axis perpendicular to the second central axis; aconnecting stem pivotally connecting the first bracket to the secondbracket; a first protrusion adjustably disposed on a first end of theconnecting stem, the first protrusion being retained within the firstchannel; and a second protrusion adjustably disposed on a second end ofthe connecting stem, the second protrusion being retained within thesecond channel; wherein adjustment of one or both of the first andsecond protrusions on the connecting stem adjusts a distance between thefirst lateral axis and the second lateral axis.
 18. The hinge of claim17, wherein the first lateral axis and the second lateral axis areangled with respect to one another when the hinge is installed foroperation.
 19. A hinge system, comprising: a first hinge comprising afirst bracket adapted to be attached to a first substrate, the firstbracket having a first channel defining a first central axis anddefining a first lateral axis perpendicular to the first central axis, asecond bracket adapted to be attached to a second substrate, the secondbracket having a second channel defining a second central axis anddefining a second lateral axis perpendicular to the second central axis,a first connecting stem pivotally connecting the first bracket to thesecond bracket, a first protrusion adjustably disposed on a first end ofthe first connecting stem, the first protrusion being retained withinthe first channel, and a second protrusion adjustably disposed on asecond end of the first connecting stem, the second protrusion beingretained within the second channel; and a second hinge comprising athird bracket adapted to be attached to the first substrate, the thirdbracket having a third channel defining a third central axis anddefining a third lateral axis perpendicular to the third central axis, afourth bracket adapted to be attached to the second substrate, thefourth bracket having a fourth channel defining a fourth central axisand defining a fourth lateral axis perpendicular to the fourth centralaxis, a second connecting stem pivotally connecting the third bracket tothe fourth bracket, a third protrusion adjustably disposed on a firstend of the second connecting stem, the third protrusion being retainedwithin the third channel, and a fourth protrusion adjustably disposed ona second end of the second connecting stem, the fourth protrusion beingretained within the fourth channel; wherein adjustment of one or both ofthe first and second protrusions on the first connecting stem adjusts afirst distance between the first lateral axis and the second lateralaxis, wherein adjustment of one or both of the third and fourthprotrusions on the second connecting stem adjusts a second distancebetween the third lateral axis and the fourth lateral axis.
 20. Thehinge system of claim 19, wherein at least one of the first and secondsubstrates defines a non-linear surface.
 21. The hinge system of claim19, wherein at least one of the first and second substrates defines acurved surface.
 22. The hinge system of claim 19, wherein the first andsecond connecting stems are oriented other than parallel to one another.